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Kadua knudsenii

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Diffuse, scandent or drooping shrubs.

Stems: Stems to 10–40 dm long, internodes with a sharp longitudinal ridge.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, widely spaced. Blades broadly ovate, elliptic, broadly elliptic, or rarely broadly ovate–cordate, 6–10 cm long, 2.5–7 cm wide. Apex acuminate to caudate. Base cuneate to rounded, occasionally somewhat cordate. Lower surfaces sparsely hirtellous, especially on veins; blades chartaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins ascending, slightly raised on lower surface, higher order venation conspicuously reticulate. Petioles 0.4–0.7 cm long, bases slightly connate below stipules. Stipules deltate, sharply carinate,3–4 mm long, adnate to inner side of petiole base, apex with a mucro 0.6–1.5 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in compound, thyrsoid, terminal panicles up to 30 cm long, lateral branches abortive at first node of inflorescence or flowering late, ultimate branches terminating in open cymes, inflorescences sparsely to moderately hirtellous throughout; pedicels ca. 1–2 mm long, glabrous to sparsely hirtellous; hypanthium urceolate-turbinate 1-1.2 mm long, sparsely hirtellous. Flowers bisexual (perfect) and pistillate; insect-pollinated. Calyx 4–5 lobed, lobes oblong, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 0.3–0.5 mm wide, apex obtuse. Corolla green, the tube reddish purple, fleshy, salverform, the tube 7–9 mm long, the limb strongly quadrangular in bud, apex not depressed, 4-5-lobed, the lobes 3–5 mm long, valvate in bud, spreading to reflexed, margins reflexed, apex with well–developed linear appendages up to 1.5 mm long; nectary disc present. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted just below corolla lobe sinuses; anthers sessile or on short filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, cylindrical to filiform, terminal, slender, densely hirsute in lower 1/3, 2-lobed in upper 1/2; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; slightly compressed; 2.8–3.3 mm long; 3.5–4 mm in diameter; dehiscing loculicidally across disk; later separating to ca. ½ to base; not or very tardily separating septicidally; endocarp sclerified; disk nearly flat or slightly depressed; with a groove along the septum; short–hirtellous. Seeds dull dark brown; irregularly cuneiform or subpeltate; minutely rugulose–pitted; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occuring in mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 610–1100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 162 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1147 (K [as Hedyotis knudsenii]); Terrell et al. 2005:832/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (Syn. H. knudsenii = K. knudsenii)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details shrubby bank Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23925 Kauai BISH 1955-09-15
2 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details thicket, bottom of draw, dry forest Preserved_Specimen drooping shrub St.John, H. 13834 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
3 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forested ledge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27227 Kauai BISH 1960-11-19
4 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub, greenish flowers Herbst, D.R. 2019 Kauai BISH 1971-07-25
5 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Psychotria mariniana Dodonaea viscosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Planchonella sandwicensis Dryopteris glabra, Doodia kunthiana, Panicum n Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, 4 m long, in flower, corolla yellow-green, occasional Wood, K.R. 15955 Kauai BISH 2014-06-13
6 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details small native trees Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub Herbst, D.R. 2822 Kauai BISH 1972-10-07
7 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 992 Kauai BISH 1922-10-28
8 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest; Euphorbia haeeleeleana, Neraudia, Doodia, Carex, Aleurites moluccana, Dianella sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub; flower green Gustafson, R. 1756 Kauai BISH 1980-05-25
9 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dark woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27224 Kauai BISH 1960-12-02
10 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in fork of ohia, gulch bottom Preserved_Specimen vine, green flower Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 1987-06-10
11 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Outside E fence line of first exclosure. Mesic Pisonia-Diospyros forest with Aleurites and Psidium cattleianum tow ards valley floors. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub, 3 m long, almost liana-like in habit. Green, slightly purple fls. Stem dark towards tips. Cutting accessional to Living Collections (080631). Trauernicht, C. 540 Kauai BISH 2008-06-26
12 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On somewhat most, shaded, well-drained slope. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3034 Kauai BISH 1973-05-31
13 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details mesic forest dissected by cliffy terrain dominated by 50-80% cover of dwarf shrubs and grasses; Eragrostis variabilis, Chamaesyce celastroides, Artemisia australis, Bidens sandvicensis, Metrosideros, occasional Pipturus, Boehmeria, Neraudia kauaiensis, Panicum lineale, Lysimachia kalalauensis, Nototrichium divaricatum Preserved_Specimen shrub, diffuse stems tan brown Wood, K.R. 12497 Kauai BISH 2007-08-09
14 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha montane mesic forest. W/ Psychotria mariniana, Melicope anisata, M. barbigera, Pouteria sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Dianella sandwicensis, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen shrub, diffuse branches reaching up into other trees, stems tan, corolla yellow-green, occasional Wood, K.R. 14687 Kauai BISH 2011-06-29
15 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen sprawling vine; corolla lobes green, tube purple Flynn, T.W. 526 Kauai BISH 1983-08-05
16 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen sprawling shrub Flynn, T.W. 846 Kauai BISH 1984-05-11
17 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen sprawling vine Flynn, T.W. 457 Kauai BISH 1983-06-28
18 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen scandent shrub Bishop, L.E. 1301 Kauai BISH 1972-06-03
19 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen shrub, pale green foliage Herbst, D.R. 1038 Kauai BISH 1968-04-07
20 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5079 Kauai BISH 1983-08-31
21 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
22 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 122 Kauai BISH 1969-07-03
23 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Scandent. Herbst, D.R. 2446 Kauai BISH 1972-05-26
24 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2056 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
25 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2057 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
26 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 940 Kauai BISH 1953-08-14
27 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 809 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
28 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5799 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
29 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5860 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
30 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 809 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
31 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen DLNR staff Kauai BISH 1987-06-18
32 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1929-04-30
33 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Mertrosideros mesic forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzgium snadwicensis, Myoporum sandwicense, Pleomele aurea, Kadua a Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub with flowers Perlman, S. 23727 Kauai BISH 2013-10-28
34 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen Kauai BISH
35 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dense shade; Perrottetia, Hillebrandia, Freycinetia, Metrosideros, ferns Preserved_Specimen vining Christensen, C. 17 Kauai BISH 1976-06-29
36 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylong sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen Vine-like shrub, corolla lobe pale green, tube purple Wood, K.R. 14977 Kauai BISH 2012-05-16
37 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosidero-Acacia mesic foret w/ Cheirodendron sp, Melicope barbigera, M. clusiifolia, Dubautia laevigata, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Vaccinium dentatum, Biens cosmoides, Myrsine lanaiensis, Xylo Preserved_Specimen Shrub, scandent stems, corolla green, uncommon w/ K. cordata subsp. waimeae. Wood, K.R. 18752 Kauai BISH 2021-06-22
38 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest; Dracaena aurea, Diospyros, Lantana Preserved_Specimen vining; small yellow green flowers Christensen, C. 16 Kauai BISH 1976-06-29
39 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia, Planchonella, Bobea brevipes, Xylosma, Antidesma, Diospyros sandwicensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia furcata, Leptecophylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, Preserved_Specimen Shrub, vining into surrounding vegetation, in flower, common Wood, K.R. 16790 Kauai BISH 2016-04-07
40 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest, Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicnesis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Wikstroemia furcata, Dodonaea viscosa, Kadua affinis, K. knudsenii, Melicope ovata, Pleomele aurea, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis, Psychot Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, scandent in adjacent vegetation, leaves dark glossy green, flower lobes green-yellow, exterior throat with purple tinge Wood, K.R. 15564 Kauai BISH 2013-07-10
41 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Physalis, Diplazium Preserved_Specimen sprawling shrub, erect new shoots; leaves glossy green above with whitish green midrib, below grey-green, paler with whitish green midrib; corolla in bud yellowish green with faint purplish brown tinge; open flower; tube yellow green, some tinged purple, lobes dark green, reflexed Flynn, T.W. 3538 Kauai BISH 1989-09-15
42 Kadua knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Large (20-25 m) Metrosideros polymorpha and Tetraplasandra kavaiensis individuals with Acacia koa, Dodonaea viscosa, Xylosma hawailiense, Cryptocarya, Pouteria, Nestegis, Leptecophylla and Alyxia stellata. Psidium cattleianum invading slopes and Rubus argutus along the valley floor. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub/liana, 3 m long. Vining into patch of Psidium guayava. Trauernicht, C. 614 Kauai BISH 2008-11-06
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